Paktia Province

Paktia (Pashto: پکتيا) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan, in the east of the country. Its capital is Gardez.


History
Najibullah Ahmadzai, the former president of Afghanistan, was from Paktia province, in particular the Melan Valley area. Paktia used to be a unified province with Khost and Paktika, these three provinces are now referred to as Loya Paktia which means The Greater Paktia. Paktia came to prominence during the 1980s where a significant portion of the leftist communists came from Paktia, some of the more notable of them include: Najibullah Ahmadzai; Mohammad Aslam Watanjar; Shahnawaz Tanai; and Gulabzoy.

Governance
The uncertain security situation and remoteness of the province has led to many provincial Governors being appointed in the short time since the fall of the Taliban. After the assassination of Hakim Taniwal in September 2006, Rahmatullah Rahmat was appointed as provincial Governor.
Paktia has a strong Pashtun tribal identity, and Pashtun nationalists in the province have expressed a desire to reunite the province with Khost Province and Paktika province, forming an ethnic Pashtunistan.
Despite the many problems facing the province, it is one of the more stable in the southeast of the country and there has been a concerted effort to improve the civic infrastructure, giving Paktia a reasonable rate of reconstruction [1]. The first American Provincial Reconstruction Team base was established in Gardez to supply security and reconstruction, and has funded several successful projects.

Security Situation
In September 2006, Governor Hakim Taniwal was killed by a Taliban suicide bomber as he left his office in Gardez [2]. At the time, Taniwal was the highest-ranking post-Taliban official to be killed by insurgent forces in the country.
Paktia is one of the most politically complicated provinces in the country. Militia commanders are a strong presence in the province, and their shifting allegiances and violent tendencies make governance of the region problematic. The province also has the difficult mountainous and cavernous terrain typical of the Hindu Kush range, providing armed groups ample cover from which to conduct guerilla operations.
Immediately after the fall of the Taliban, Paktia was one of the most chaotic regions in the country, as a small civil war broke out between rival militia commanders for control of the province, and Taliban and Al-Qaeda fighters gave occupying U.S. troops some of their heaviest losses in the cave complexes south of Gardez [3].
The security situation in Paktia has improved significantly in recent years, though isolated fighting by Taliban militants and persistent tribal conflicts in the eastern part of the province continue to challenge the government. The provincial capital, Gardez, is among the most secure in the southeastern part of the country, owing in part to a large presence by coalition and Afghan security forces.

Geography

Districts of Paktia.
Paktia borders the Pakistani-ruled tribal areas of North Waziristan and Kurram. Like most of the traditional Pashtun eastern areas of Afghanistan, the Durand Line that marks the border with Pakistan is "drawn on water", and residents move freely between the two countries.
Major tribes in the province include the Totakhil, Zazi, Mangal, Zadran, Wazir, Ahmadzai, Gurbaz, Niazi, Tanoli, and Kurram.
Paktia is made up of 12 district (District Centers are given in parentheses):
Ahmadzai District (Ahmadaba)
Chamkani District
Dand-A-Patan (Ghondai)
Gardez District (Gardez, Afghanistan)
Jani Khel District (Jani Khel)
Lazha Mangal District (Lazha)
Sayed Karam District (Seyyed Karam)
Shwak District (Shwak)
Garda Serai District
Zadran District (Waza)
Zazi (Ali Khel)
Zurmat District (Zarmal)
Important Villages of Center Gardez:
Baladeh
Kuceen
Malak Khel
Karmashi
Koji khel
Sar e Sang
Shikhan
Khtaba
Shakar Khel
Tera
Dawlat Zai

Improtant Villages of Chamkani District:
Star Kalai
Babo Khail
Alwarai
Mada Khail
Gramai
Mangiar
Bagyar
Tana
Nargasai
Hesarak

Important geographical features
Shah-i-Kot Valley
Important valley Srengor valley chamkani district paktia province Mangyar Valley chamkani district paktia province Hassan Khail valley Ahmad Khail District Paktia Province this information by Himmat